CDS-Linked Corporate Credit Lines

CDS-Linked Corporate Credit Lines

Some of Wall Street's latest innovations give reason for pause. Consider a trend in business loans. Lenders typically tie corporate credit lines to short-term interest rates. But now Citi, JPMorgan Chase, and BofA, among others, are linking credit lines both to short-term rates and credit default swaps (CDSs), the volatile and complicated derivatives that are supposed to act as "insurance" by paying off the owners if a company defaults on its debt. JPMorgan, BofA, and Citi declined to comment.

In these new arrangements, when the price of the CDS rises -- generally a sign the market thinks the company's health is deteriorating -- the cost of the loan increases, too. The result: The weaker the company, the higher the interest rates it must pay, which hurts the company further.

The lenders stress that the new products give them extra protection against default. But for companies, the opposite may be true. Managers now must deal with two layers of volatility -- both short-term interest rates and credit default swaps, whose prices can spike for reasons outside their control.

Making matters more difficult for corporate borrowers: high fees. Banks are raising their rates for credit lines across the board -- but the new CDS-based credit lines cost far more than the old lines. FedEx (FDX) could end up paying $1.9 million to $3.6 million a month if it decides to tap a new line from JPMorgan and Bank of America. On its previous line with JPMorgan, FedEx would have paid about $540,000.